Haupt-Navigation

Page Content

Publications

<< previous [1]

1 [2] | 2 [3] | You are at page:3 | 4 [4] | 5 [5] | 6 [6] | 7 [7] | 8 [8] | 9 [9] | 10 [10] | 11 [11] | 12 [12] | 13 [13] | 14 [14] | 15 [15] | 16 [16] | 17 [17] | 18 [18] | 19 [19] | 20 [20] | 21 [21] | 22 [22] | 23 [23]

next >> [24]

Order by: Author [25] Year [26] Journal [27]

2020

Demand-based Sensor Data Gathering with Multi-Query Optimization [28]

Julius Hülsmann, Jonas Traub, Volker Markl

VLDB 2020

Download Bibtex entry [29]

Rethink Message Brokers on RDMA and NVM [30]

Hendrik Makait

SIGMOD 2020

Download Bibtex entry [31]

NebulaStream: Complex Analytics Beyond the Cloud [32]

Steffen Zeuch, Eleni Tzirita Zacharatou, Shuhao Zhang, Xenofon Chatziliadis, Ankit Chaudhary, Bonaventura DelMonte, Philipp M. Grulich, Dimitrios Giouroukis, Ariane Ziehn, Volker Markl

International Workshop on Very Large Internet of Things (VLIoT) 2020

Download Bibtex entry [33]

ML-based Cross-Platform Query Optimization [34]

Zoi Kaoudi, Jorge-Arnulfo Quiané-Ruiz, Bertty Contreras-Rojas, Rodrigo Pardo-Meza, Anis Troudi, Sanjay Chawla

ICDE 2020

Download Bibtex entry [35]

Optimizing Machine Learning Workloads in Collaborative Environments [36]

Behrouz Derakhshan, Alireza Rezaei Mahdiraji, Ziawasch Abedjan,Tilmann Rabl, Volker Markl

SIGMOD 2020

Download Bibtex entry [37]

A Survey of Adaptive Sampling and Filtering Algorithms for the Internet of Things [38]

Dimitrios Giouroukis, Alexander Dadiani, Jonas Traub, Steffen Zeuch, Volker Markl

DEBS 2020

Download Bibtex entry [39]

Complex Event Processing for the Internet of Things [40]

Ariane Ziehn

VLDB 2020 PhD Workshop 2020

Download Bibtex entry [41]

Secure Data Processing at Scale [42]

Kajetan Maliszewski

VLDB 2020 PhD Workshop 2020

Download Bibtex entry [43]

Tunable Streaming Graph Embeddings at Scale [44]

Serafeim Papadias

VLDB 2020 PhD Workshop 2020

Download Bibtex entry [45]

Governor: Operator Placement for a Unified Fog-Cloud Environment [46]

Ankit Chaudhary, Steffen Zeuch, Volker Markl

to be published in Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Extending Database Technology (EDBT) 2020

Download Bibtex entry [47]

<< previous [48]

1 [49] | 2 [50] | You are at page:3 | 4 [51] | 5 [52] | 6 [53] | 7 [54] | 8 [55] | 9 [56] | 10 [57] | 11 [58] | 12 [59] | 13 [60] | 14 [61] | 15 [62] | 16 [63] | 17 [64] | 18 [65] | 19 [66] | 20 [67] | 21 [68] | 22 [69] | 23 [70]

next >> [71]

[72]

------ Links: ------

[1] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/pu
blications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?showp=2&tx_
sibibtex_pi1%5Bsort%5D=year%3A1&cHash=1f50f16a9b463
a44786345e90a899faa

[2] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/pu
blications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?showp=1&tx_
sibibtex_pi1%5Bsort%5D=year%3A1&cHash=f032608276988
a10b8696364f2e67577

[3] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/pu
blications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?showp=2&tx_
sibibtex_pi1%5Bsort%5D=year%3A1&cHash=1f50f16a9b463
a44786345e90a899faa

[4] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/pu
blications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?showp=4&tx_
sibibtex_pi1%5Bsort%5D=year%3A1&cHash=288f19952b289
7cc293c234ffd74d9bb

[5] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/pu
blications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?showp=5&tx_
sibibtex_pi1%5Bsort%5D=year%3A1&cHash=ebcf2936352ad
a61122fc6903db75d60

[6] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/pu
blications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?showp=6&tx_
sibibtex_pi1%5Bsort%5D=year%3A1&cHash=1f9e90dfaa030
704546f72470c837e2c

[7] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/pu
blications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?showp=7&tx_
sibibtex_pi1%5Bsort%5D=year%3A1&cHash=c7d97fa908a90
3321075dc3262ae679e

[8] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/pu
blications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?showp=8&tx_
sibibtex_pi1%5Bsort%5D=year%3A1&cHash=1820f93e2d3d3
6ac6aa25b4efa915b0d

[9] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/pu
blications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?showp=9&tx_
sibibtex_pi1%5Bsort%5D=year%3A1&cHash=a403a320efadd
3de5bb9445f49293a91

[10] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?showp=10&t
x_sibibtex_pi1%5Bsort%5D=year%3A1&cHash=c4caec1602a
32605f18fff82a7f13ac6

[11] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?showp=11&t
x_sibibtex_pi1%5Bsort%5D=year%3A1&cHash=203085cf022
d12aaa5ec0e26e7ba5ada

[12] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?showp=12&t
x_sibibtex_pi1%5Bsort%5D=year%3A1&cHash=f0cacca5acc
905d56869983547a06ee1

[13] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?showp=13&t
x_sibibtex_pi1%5Bsort%5D=year%3A1&cHash=22270df5411
5163080b5034d336bb64b

[14] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?showp=14&t
x_sibibtex_pi1%5Bsort%5D=year%3A1&cHash=799f947bd56
db4d0c9e0723cb3e3fa0c

[15] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?showp=15&t
x_sibibtex_pi1%5Bsort%5D=year%3A1&cHash=47586c7226d
97146296b778c635bc2da

[16] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?showp=16&t
x_sibibtex_pi1%5Bsort%5D=year%3A1&cHash=fb417184232
9c3b9b49fb6012005b11c

[17] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?showp=17&t
x_sibibtex_pi1%5Bsort%5D=year%3A1&cHash=979d00fe4ad
97256218a413b3c1cc4ad

[18] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?showp=18&t
x_sibibtex_pi1%5Bsort%5D=year%3A1&cHash=95017e44e67
7ba177a5ff5f48c64d15d

[19] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?showp=19&t
x_sibibtex_pi1%5Bsort%5D=year%3A1&cHash=19377d0e928
0245f988a8f93b08b3b8a

[20] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?showp=20&t
x_sibibtex_pi1%5Bsort%5D=year%3A1&cHash=9873e77515f
53edcf7e0cb190a83f9e8

[21] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?showp=21&t
x_sibibtex_pi1%5Bsort%5D=year%3A1&cHash=fbf9c7ed2a6
84592bb200a9b36131c3a

[22] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?showp=22&t
x_sibibtex_pi1%5Bsort%5D=year%3A1&cHash=8326358b86e
5f63876a16e78d4640c96

[23] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?showp=23&t
x_sibibtex_pi1%5Bsort%5D=year%3A1&cHash=d4d35dde223
60d9e0ae2607c70ace24f

[24] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?showp=4&tx
_sibibtex_pi1%5Bsort%5D=year%3A1&cHash=288f19952b28
97cc293c234ffd74d9bb

[25] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?cHash=9e2448f0
d811d2fead1ac620debb6cf7&showp=3&tx_sibibtex_pi
1%5Bsort%5D=author%3A0&type=1

[26] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?cHash=6acacfd6
9d902cc7e10d1b2992c85914&showp=3&tx_sibibtex_pi
1%5Bsort%5D=year%3A0&type=1

[27] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?cHash=4c0ff071
b5d80cf192dbf17d37dd4ee2&showp=3&tx_sibibtex_pi
1%5Bsort%5D=journal%3A0&type=1

[28] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?tx_sibibtex_pi
1%5Bcontentelement%5D=tt_content%3A126920&tx_sibibt
ex_pi1%5BshowUid%5D=9151248&cHash=91f07eeabed81d0c4
cb719c97ba096f4

[29] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?no_cache=1&
;tx_sibibtex_pi1%5Bdownload_bibtex_uid%5D=9151248&t
x_sibibtex_pi1%5Bcontentelement%5D=tt_content%3A126920

[30] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?tx_sibibtex_pi
1%5Bcontentelement%5D=tt_content%3A126920&tx_sibibt
ex_pi1%5BshowUid%5D=10493465&cHash=81552dfd4c96bf58
b407523a9e405013

[31] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?no_cache=1&
;tx_sibibtex_pi1%5Bdownload_bibtex_uid%5D=10493465&
tx_sibibtex_pi1%5Bcontentelement%5D=tt_content%3A126920

[32] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?tx_sibibtex_pi
1%5Bcontentelement%5D=tt_content%3A126920&tx_sibibt
ex_pi1%5BshowUid%5D=9164313&cHash=748b2ac292cab9914
c189434aec88c22

[33] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?no_cache=1&
;tx_sibibtex_pi1%5Bdownload_bibtex_uid%5D=9164313&t
x_sibibtex_pi1%5Bcontentelement%5D=tt_content%3A126920

[34] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?tx_sibibtex_pi
1%5Bcontentelement%5D=tt_content%3A126920&tx_sibibt
ex_pi1%5BshowUid%5D=5597233&cHash=a7cef241a836d2fda
00997a55f8afac7

[35] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?no_cache=1&
;tx_sibibtex_pi1%5Bdownload_bibtex_uid%5D=5597233&t
x_sibibtex_pi1%5Bcontentelement%5D=tt_content%3A126920

[36] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?tx_sibibtex_pi
1%5Bcontentelement%5D=tt_content%3A126920&tx_sibibt
ex_pi1%5BshowUid%5D=5689155&cHash=178a1a93f986037fd
4cb124cc1793f5c

[37] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?no_cache=1&
;tx_sibibtex_pi1%5Bdownload_bibtex_uid%5D=5689155&t
x_sibibtex_pi1%5Bcontentelement%5D=tt_content%3A126920

[38] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?tx_sibibtex_pi
1%5Bcontentelement%5D=tt_content%3A126920&tx_sibibt
ex_pi1%5BshowUid%5D=9080148&cHash=458d68061aa72d437
c96dc570d6ef470

[39] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?no_cache=1&
;tx_sibibtex_pi1%5Bdownload_bibtex_uid%5D=9080148&t
x_sibibtex_pi1%5Bcontentelement%5D=tt_content%3A126920

[40] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?tx_sibibtex_pi
1%5Bcontentelement%5D=tt_content%3A126920&tx_sibibt
ex_pi1%5BshowUid%5D=10230368&cHash=15847e52d44db1c4
6af454ae94fafbb3

[41] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?no_cache=1&
;tx_sibibtex_pi1%5Bdownload_bibtex_uid%5D=10230368&
tx_sibibtex_pi1%5Bcontentelement%5D=tt_content%3A126920

[42] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?tx_sibibtex_pi
1%5Bcontentelement%5D=tt_content%3A126920&tx_sibibt
ex_pi1%5BshowUid%5D=10230369&cHash=ec0b3fc3cbab60e8
132fa85704477db8

[43] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?no_cache=1&
;tx_sibibtex_pi1%5Bdownload_bibtex_uid%5D=10230369&
tx_sibibtex_pi1%5Bcontentelement%5D=tt_content%3A126920

[44] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?tx_sibibtex_pi
1%5Bcontentelement%5D=tt_content%3A126920&tx_sibibt
ex_pi1%5BshowUid%5D=10230370&cHash=a1d8e773c959da2a
87004e73003a3e03

[45] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?no_cache=1&
;tx_sibibtex_pi1%5Bdownload_bibtex_uid%5D=10230370&
tx_sibibtex_pi1%5Bcontentelement%5D=tt_content%3A126920

[46] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?tx_sibibtex_pi
1%5Bcontentelement%5D=tt_content%3A126920&tx_sibibt
ex_pi1%5BshowUid%5D=5441432&cHash=dfca222f7de91e0a7
6fa6b2096a28047

[47] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?no_cache=1&
;tx_sibibtex_pi1%5Bdownload_bibtex_uid%5D=5441432&t
x_sibibtex_pi1%5Bcontentelement%5D=tt_content%3A126920

[48] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?showp=2&tx
_sibibtex_pi1%5Bsort%5D=year%3A1&cHash=1f50f16a9b46
3a44786345e90a899faa

[49] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?showp=1&tx
_sibibtex_pi1%5Bsort%5D=year%3A1&cHash=f03260827698
8a10b8696364f2e67577

[50] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?showp=2&tx
_sibibtex_pi1%5Bsort%5D=year%3A1&cHash=1f50f16a9b46
3a44786345e90a899faa

[51] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?showp=4&tx
_sibibtex_pi1%5Bsort%5D=year%3A1&cHash=288f19952b28
97cc293c234ffd74d9bb

[52] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?showp=5&tx
_sibibtex_pi1%5Bsort%5D=year%3A1&cHash=ebcf2936352a
da61122fc6903db75d60

[53] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?showp=6&tx
_sibibtex_pi1%5Bsort%5D=year%3A1&cHash=1f9e90dfaa03
0704546f72470c837e2c

[54] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?showp=7&tx
_sibibtex_pi1%5Bsort%5D=year%3A1&cHash=c7d97fa908a9
03321075dc3262ae679e

[55] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?showp=8&tx
_sibibtex_pi1%5Bsort%5D=year%3A1&cHash=1820f93e2d3d
36ac6aa25b4efa915b0d

[56] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?showp=9&tx
_sibibtex_pi1%5Bsort%5D=year%3A1&cHash=a403a320efad
d3de5bb9445f49293a91

[57] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?showp=10&t
x_sibibtex_pi1%5Bsort%5D=year%3A1&cHash=c4caec1602a
32605f18fff82a7f13ac6

[58] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?showp=11&t
x_sibibtex_pi1%5Bsort%5D=year%3A1&cHash=203085cf022
d12aaa5ec0e26e7ba5ada

[59] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?showp=12&t
x_sibibtex_pi1%5Bsort%5D=year%3A1&cHash=f0cacca5acc
905d56869983547a06ee1

[60] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?showp=13&t
x_sibibtex_pi1%5Bsort%5D=year%3A1&cHash=22270df5411
5163080b5034d336bb64b

[61] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?showp=14&t
x_sibibtex_pi1%5Bsort%5D=year%3A1&cHash=799f947bd56
db4d0c9e0723cb3e3fa0c

[62] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?showp=15&t
x_sibibtex_pi1%5Bsort%5D=year%3A1&cHash=47586c7226d
97146296b778c635bc2da

[63] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?showp=16&t
x_sibibtex_pi1%5Bsort%5D=year%3A1&cHash=fb417184232
9c3b9b49fb6012005b11c

[64] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?showp=17&t
x_sibibtex_pi1%5Bsort%5D=year%3A1&cHash=979d00fe4ad
97256218a413b3c1cc4ad

[65] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?showp=18&t
x_sibibtex_pi1%5Bsort%5D=year%3A1&cHash=95017e44e67
7ba177a5ff5f48c64d15d

[66] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?showp=19&t
x_sibibtex_pi1%5Bsort%5D=year%3A1&cHash=19377d0e928
0245f988a8f93b08b3b8a

[67] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?showp=20&t
x_sibibtex_pi1%5Bsort%5D=year%3A1&cHash=9873e77515f
53edcf7e0cb190a83f9e8

[68] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?showp=21&t
x_sibibtex_pi1%5Bsort%5D=year%3A1&cHash=fbf9c7ed2a6
84592bb200a9b36131c3a

[69] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?showp=22&t
x_sibibtex_pi1%5Bsort%5D=year%3A1&cHash=8326358b86e
5f63876a16e78d4640c96

[70] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?showp=23&t
x_sibibtex_pi1%5Bsort%5D=year%3A1&cHash=d4d35dde223
60d9e0ae2607c70ace24f

[71] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/p
ublications/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/?showp=4&tx
_sibibtex_pi1%5Bsort%5D=year%3A1&cHash=288f19952b28
97cc293c234ffd74d9bb

[72] https://www.dima.tu-berlin.de/menue/publications/b
ig_data_management_report/parameter/en/font4/minhilfe/

Kontakt, Inhaltsverzeichnis und weitere Service-Links

Haupt-Navigation

Page Content

Publications

2020

Demand-based Sensor Data Gathering with Multi-Query Optimization [28]

Rethink Message Brokers on RDMA and NVM [30]

NebulaStream: Complex Analytics Beyond the Cloud [32]

ML-based Cross-Platform Query Optimization [34]

Optimizing Machine Learning Workloads in Collaborative Environments [36]

A Survey of Adaptive Sampling and Filtering Algorithms for the Internet of Things [38]

Complex Event Processing for the Internet of Things [40]

Secure Data Processing at Scale [42]

Tunable Streaming Graph Embeddings at Scale [44]

Governor: Operator Placement for a Unified Fog-Cloud Environment [46]

Zusatzinformationen / Extras

Quick Access:

Auxiliary Functions

Suchfunktion

Kontakt, Inhaltsverzeichnis und weitere Service-Links

TUB-Login

Haupt-Navigation

Page Content

Publications

2020

Demand-based Sensor Data Gathering with Multi-Query Optimization [28]

Rethink Message Brokers on RDMA and NVM [30]

NebulaStream: Complex Analytics Beyond the Cloud [32]

ML-based Cross-Platform Query Optimization [34]

Optimizing Machine Learning Workloads in Collaborative Environments [36]

A Survey of Adaptive Sampling and Filtering Algorithms for the Internet of Things [38]

Complex Event Processing for the Internet of Things [40]

Secure Data Processing at Scale [42]

Tunable Streaming Graph Embeddings at Scale [44]

Governor: Operator Placement for a Unified Fog-Cloud Environment [46]

Zusatzinformationen / Extras

Quick Access:

Auxiliary Functions